Discovery Science The atomic number of boron, which is shown with the symbol B in the periodic table, is 5, and its atomic weight is 10.81. Boron element, which has semi-metal and semiconductor properties, is in the 3A group of the periodic table. Boron consists of two separate stable isotopes called B10 and B11 in nature. The rate of B10 isotope in nature is 19.1-20.3%, and that of B11 is 79.7-80.9%.
Boron element, which is never found free in nature, forms compounds with different properties with various metal or nonmetal elements. In this way, many boron compounds are used in different branches of the industry. In its compounds, boron behaves like non-metal compounds. Pure boron, on the other hand, is an electrical conductor like carbon. Crystallized boron is similar to diamond in terms of appearance and optical properties and is almost as hard as diamond. Pure element of boron; It was first discovered in 1808 by the French chemist J.L. Gay – Lussac and Baron L.J. It was obtained by the English chemist H. Davy with Thenard.
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Atomic Diameter: 1,17Å
Atomic Volume: 4,6cm3 / mol
Crystal structure: Rhombohedral
Electron Configuration: 1s2 2s2 p1
Ionic Diameter: 0,23Å
Electron Number (uncharged): 5
Number of Neutrons: 6
Number of protons: 5
Valence Electrons: 2s2 p 1
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Electrochemical Equivalent: 0.1344g / amp-hr
Electronegativity (Pauling): 2.04
Fusion Heat: 50,2 kJ / mol
Ionization potential:
First: 8,298
Second: 25,154
Third: 37.93
Valence electron potential (-eV): 190
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Atomic Mass: 10,811
Boiling Point: 4.275K – 4.002 ° C – 7.236 ° F;
Thermal Expansion Coefficient: 0.0000083cm / cm / ° C (0 ° C)
Conductivity:
Electrical: 1.0E -12 106 / cm
Thermal: 0.274 W / cmK
Density: 2.34g / cc @ 300K
Appearance: Yellow-Brown nonmetallic crystal.
Elastic Module:
Bulk: 320 / GPa
Atomization Enthalpy: 573,2 kJ / mol @ 25 ° C
Fusion Enthalpy: 22.18 kJ / mol
Evaporation Enthalpy: 480 kJ / mol
Hardness:
Mohs: 9.3
Vickers: 49000 MN m-2
Evaporation Heat: 489,7kJ / mol
Melting Point: 2573K 2300 ° C 4172 ° F
Molar Volume: 4,68 cm3 / mol
Physical State: (20 ° C & 1atm): Solid
Specific Heat: 1.02J / gK
Vapor Pressure: 0.348Pa @ 2300 ° C
Strategic Raw Material of the Industry: Boron
Boron minerals are natural compounds containing different proportions of boron oxide in their structures. There are more than 230 different boron minerals in nature. Commercially most important boron minerals; Tincal, Colemanite, Kernite, Ulexite, Pandermite, Boraxite, Szaybelit and Hydroboracite. The main boron minerals transformed into high value-added products at international quality standards by Eti Maden, the World Boron Leader, are; It is Tincal, Colemanite and Ulexite.
Major Boron Minerals with Commercial Importance
Mineral Formula
Kernit Na2B407.4H2O
Tinkalkonit Na2B407.5H2O
Tincal Na2B407.10H2O
Probertit NaCaB509.5H2O
Ulexite NaCaB509.8H2O
Colemanite Ca2B6O11.5H2O
Meyerhofferit Ca2B6O11.7H2O
Ienoid Ca2B6O11. 13H2O
Pandermit Ca4B10O19.7H2O
Inderite Mg2B6O11.15H2O
Hydroboracid CaMgB6O11.6H2O
Borasite Mg3B7O13Cl
Asharit Mg2B2O5.H2O
Datolite Ca2B2Si2O9.H2O
Sassolit (natural boric acid) H3BO3
Boron minerals made valuable by Eti Maden using various mining methods; It is enriched by physical processes and turns into concentrated boron products. Afterwards, it is refined in the facilities of Eti Maden at global standards and transformed into highly efficient, profitable and sustainable boron products and used in many areas of the industry, especially in the glass, ceramic, agriculture, detergent and cleaning sectors.